Which of the following statements about laws in Arizona is true?

The statement that laws cannot enact privileges based on hereditary is correct because the Arizona Constitution, like many state and federal legal frameworks, emphasizes equality and non-discrimination. This principle is rooted in the idea that no individual should receive special privileges or rights solely based on their lineage or family connections. Hereditary privileges could create a system of aristocracy or inequality that contradicts the democratic and egalitarian values enshrined in the Constitution.

In contrast, while it is true that laws generally aim to avoid retroactive effects to ensure clarity and protect individuals from unforeseen legal consequences, this is not an absolute rule and depends on specific legal contexts. Similarly, laws in Arizona do not universally require a public referendum to be enacted; many laws can be passed by the legislature without direct voter input. Therefore, emphasizing the prohibition of hereditary privileges aligns closely with the core principles of fairness and equality found within constitutional law.