What principle does the separation of powers illustrate?

The principle illustrated by the separation of powers is fundamentally about keeping the functions of government distinct and independent. This concept is essential in democratic systems to prevent any single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—from gaining excessive power and to ensure a system of checks and balances. By dividing government responsibilities among different branches, each has its own specific functions and powers, enabling them to operate independently while also holding one another accountable. This structure is designed to protect individual liberties and maintain a balance of power, thereby safeguarding against tyranny or authoritarianism. The separation of powers is a core element of the Constitution of the United States and is mirrored in various ways in state governance, including Arizona's constitution.