What is federalism?

Federalism is a system of governance where power is divided between a central authority, typically the national government, and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. This division allows for a balance of power, enabling both the national and state governments to exercise their functions independently within their respective spheres.

In federal systems, states have their own laws and regulations that can vary significantly, allowing them to address local needs and preferences while still adhering to overarching national policies. This framework promotes diversity in governance and allows for experimentation in policy-making at the state level.

The essence of federalism is encapsulated in the U.S. Constitution, which outlines the relationship between the federal and state governments, ensuring that certain powers are exclusive to the national government, while others are reserved for the states. This dynamic helps to prevent the concentration of power and supports democratic principles by allowing multiple layers of government to coexist and operate effectively.